Climate Policy in Developing Countries: Analysis of Climate Mitigation and Adaptation Measures in Egypt

The Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) refers to a country’s climate action plan limit greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and adapt change hazards. Each country is obliged submit its NDCs the UNFCCC, adhering guideline for increasing clarity transparency. Nonetheless, few studies have employed this assess countries’ contributions, particularly of developed countries. Our article centers on case Arab Republic Egypt (hereafter Egypt), which extremely susceptible impacts due geographic location economic structure. Using desk research systematic NDC analysis, paper reviews recent measures has taken build national resilience against change. We also Egypt’s planned mitigation adaptation until 2030, documented in updated according four criteria: ambition level, comprehensiveness, implementation plan, results show that 2022 more advanced different fronts than 2015 submission, focusing fewer sectors specific quantified targets adaptation. However, only partially meets essential criteria implementability, provide set methodological policy recommendations improvement.